Global movement for Black lives: A conversation between Awino Okech and Shereen Essof

This conversation reflects on the importance of transnational Black solidarity in a global moment where the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed structural inequalities that sustain Black death and the global movement for Black lives has focussed attention on anti-Blackness. We reflect on the legacies of past and contemporary Black, Indigenous, People of Colour activism and the role that this has played in strengthening transnational efforts to deal with colonialism, imperialism and patriarchy. In highlighting how anti-Blackness is sustained across different institutions - from the academy to social movements, we centre Black feminist movements' role in building radical visions of equitable and transformative worlds through a focus on the nexus between patriarchy, capitalism and white supremacy. Black feminist visions we argue are geared at disrupting and transforming current power structures to advance justice and create liberatory futures. A central part of these liberatory futures lies in building collective power that is rooted in the political values of solidarity, hope and joy. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of European Journal of Women's Studies is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Book Review: Black Lives Matter at School: Community Schools, COVID-19 and Freedom Dreams

Black Lives Matter at School: Community Schools, COVID-19 and Freedom Dreams Edited by Denisha Jones and Jesse Hagopian, I Black Lives Matter at School: An Uprising for Educational Justice i is a must-read for all educators and organizers who are truly committed to centering Black lives in and outside of classrooms. It will be critical moving forward to demonstrate how the knowledge and skills necessary to bring about Black Lives Matter at School and similar Black liberatory curricular efforts can be implemented in teacher education programs, beyond ad-hoc professional development sessions. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Urban Education is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

My PhD Saved My Sanity and My Life

In this chapter, I explore my experience with psychological stress during the first year of my doctoral candidature that resulted from the intersection of the COVID-19 pandemic and global Black Lives Matter protests. As a qualitative researcher, I draw on my own autoethnographic vignettes (Ellis. The ethnographic I: A methodological novel about autoethnography. AltaMira Press, 2004) to provide an account of the personal challenges which may be generalizable to minoritised doctoral students during crisis situations. I use the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (Lazarus and Folkman. Stress, appraisal and coping. Springer, 1984) to identify with and understand the stressors I faced as an insider—a Black, female doctoral student—and share the adaptive coping strategies that I used to be able to focus on my PhD. As a result, I prove the claim that the PhD became my saviour. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.

Life in the National Basketball Association Bubble: A Space for Social Justice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

On March 11, 2020, the National Basketball Association (NBA) became the first major professional sporting organization in the United States to suspend its season due to COVID-19 concerns. Three months later, the NBA's Board of Governors announced their plan to return-to-play. Twenty-two of the thirty NBA franchises were invited to the Walt Disney World Resort near Orlando, Florida to finish the regular season and begin the playoffs. The NBA's plan for keeping everyone safe from the virus was to establish a quarantine zone, colloquially referred to as the NBA Bubble. Within this ‘bubble' environment all of the players, coaches, staff, media, and others, were quartered at three specifically-chosen hotels located within the Disney complex, and the remaining basketball games were played in spectator-less venues on-site at the ESPN Wide World of Sports. This chapter discusses the creation of the Bubble and explores various aspects of the players' lives within this unique space. It also examines how the Bubble encouraged activism and social justice endeavors in association with the Black Lives Matter movement following the police-related deaths of Breonna Taylor and George Floyd and the shooting of Jacob Blake. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.

Heritage in the 2020s: adjectives, Controversies and Agonistic value

In the introduction to this special issue of Volkskunde on heritage and controversies, the urgency and relevance of this topic in the 2020s are emphasized. The wave of symbolic violence and protests against statues of persons linked with slave trade or colonization (illustrated with the case of the Melville Monument in Edinburgh) in the 2020s, was fuelled by the Black Lives Matter Movement, in particular after the death of George Floyd in 2020. The expansion and proliferation of the concept of heritage in the 21st century, well beyond only monuments and statues, is accompanied by an expansion of controversies. An extended series of adjectives like dark, difficult or toxic has recently been introduced in museology and critical heritage studies to draw attention to problematic aspects of heritage, memories, and tourism. This is contextualized by problematizing and addressing historical and contemporary events, traumas, and development. This is not only the case for slavery, imperialism, racism, colonialism, and gender relations in the past but also for climate change, sustainability, and anxieties about the future(s). These agendas and new challenges have effects on education, in particular history and history didactics. This field is now confronted with strong political attempts at orientation and reframing (as the attempts to launch a selective canon trajectory in Flanders demonstrate). But resilience can be expected, just like strategies of multiplication of perspectives, stories, canons, and frames. In the last five years, several projects were launched by Paul Janssenswillen en Wil Meeus, focusing on the topic of controversies in heritage (organizations) and teaching history, emphasizing multiperspectivity and the need for tools and didactic frames. This even leads to an article in this journal Volkskunde, published in 2019. One of these projects, the REGER project, bumped halfway into the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent lockdowns and other problems in 2020 and 2021. But as the present volume demonstrates, literature reviews and numerous experiments were realized in the second phase. Some results are published in this special issue. Confronted with the pandemic's impact and several evolutions, a reorientation of the trajectory of the project led to the discovery of controversy mapping and its application in high schools and higher education in France. Many other promising lines are explored, including the legacy of the late Bruno Latour, the work of Tommaso Venturini and Anders Kristian Munk and the potential of thinking in terms of "Streitwert" (agonistic value), as launched by Gabi Dolff-Bonekamper.

Kindness-informed allyship praxis

PurposeThis paper explores intergenerational perceptions of kindness in the context of Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement and the COVID-19 global pandemic. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate perceptions of kindness in the context of traumatic events and its potential value in authentic allyship in organizational environments.Design/methodology/approachAuthors interviewed 65 individuals (31 self-identifying as non-racialized and 34 self-identifying as Black, Indigenous and People of Colour aka BIPOC). Participants included Generation Z (Gen Z;born between 1997-2012/5) and Generation Y (Gen Y;also referred to as Millennials, born between 1981 and 1994/6) across North American, Europe and Africa. Millennials currently represent the largest generation in the workplace and are taking on leadership roles, whereas Gen Z are emerging entrants into the workplace and new organizational actors.FindingsThe paper offers insights into how to talk about BLM in organizations, how to engage in authentic vs performative allyship and how to support BIPOC in the workplace. The study also reveals the durability of systemic racism in generations that may be otherwise considered more enlightened and progressive.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors expand on kindness literature and contribute theoretically and methodologically to critical race theory and intertextual analysis in race scholarship.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the understanding of how pro-social behaviours like kindness (with intention) can contribute to a more inclusive discourse on racism and authentic allyship.Originality/valueAuthors reveal the potential for kindness as a pro-social behaviour in organizational environments to inform authentic allyship praxis.

"I Can't Breathe:” The Invisible Slow Violence of Breathing Politics in Minneapolis

Following the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis, his utterance, "I can't breathe,” reverberated internationally as the world population grappled with the twin specters of life-threatening COVID-19 respiratory morbidities and mounting years under increasingly polarized racist regimes. Despite crisis fatigue, national and international outpourings of solidarity trended on social and mainstream media. However, in this moment, the legacy of structural and slow violences against the living, breathing Minneapolis–St. Paul communities of color were obscured. This article addresses transdisciplinary breathing politics in this mid-sized American city to integrate atmospheric indicators (concentrations of criteria pollutants including particulate matter and gaseous pollutants), traffic indicators (Minnesota Department of Transportation permanent traffic monitoring station data), and social indicators (community responses in newspaper and Twitter archives), ultimately making visible how Floyd's utterance reflects much deeper patterns of stratified urban public health risks and socio-environmental airscape politics. Bullet Points of Findings Breathing politics are racialized in Minneapolis, demonstrating stark differences in traffic and air quality across neighborhoods. Through content analysis, it is shown that social media platforms like Twitter can be rich historical records for tracking local public discourse, providing valuable insight to the ways people talk about and conceive topics like environmental justice, breathing politics, and urban equity. While hashtag activism on social media flourished in 2020 to address anti-Black racism, it was neither a "tipping point” nor did it show a discernible impact on the nature of environmental justice discourse about breathing politics, despite the steep rise of #ICantBreathe. Integrating social, economic, and environmental indicators has the overarching benefit of addressing complex, lived systems. Breathing politics are racialized in Minneapolis, demonstrating stark differences in traffic and air quality across neighborhoods.Through content analysis, it is shown that social media platforms like Twitter can be rich historical records for tracking local public discourse, providing valuable insight to the ways people talk about and conceive topics like environmental justice, breathing politics, and urban equity.While hashtag activism on social media flourished in 2020 to address anti-Black racism, it was neither a "tipping point” nor did it show a discernible impact on the nature of environmental justice discourse about breathing politics, despite the steep rise of #ICantBreathe.Integrating social, economic, and environmental indicators has the overarching benefit of addressing complex, lived systems. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Society & Natural Resources is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Robert K. Beshara, Freud and Said: Contrapuntal Psychoanalysis as Liberation Praxis

Chapter 3 presents an apotheosis of sorts, in which Beshara works through Said's I Orientalism i within and beyond the text, noting how 'Freud (who undoubtedly influenced Said) is, more or less, repressed in the text' itself (p. 113). Third, while Beshara positions his work as a critique of racialized capitalism, he seems to return to culture as the primary site of critique, stating for example that '[c]ultural resistance is essential in contrapuntal psychoanalysis' (p. 128). In chapter 2, "Beginnings", Beshara accomplishes this with style and aplomb, tracing Freud's influence on Said's work, the namesake of this chapter. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Psychoanalysis & History is the property of Edinburgh University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

New Directions Needed: Exponential Inequalities and the Limits of Equality Law

Equality law has had a good run. Over the last half century, it has put down deep roots in the legal systems of most liberal democracies. However, recent events have exposed its limitations. For all its doctrinal and conceptual sophistication, equality law has not succeeded in eliminating overt forms of discrimination, let alone its more subtle manifestations-as highlighted by the revelations that triggered the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter campaigns of 2015 to 2021, and the exponential inequalities generated by the systemic shock of Covid-19. Radical new thinking is needed, about how to inject new dynamism into equality law-which may require rethinking old shibboleths, and breaking with some of the established orthodoxies of the last half century. © The several contributors 2022. All rights reserved.

A Welcome, A Warning, and A Wish: On Entering a Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership for Social Justice in the Year 2020

After the cancelation of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry (2020) due to the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), the substantive content of my presentation for the plenary, "Higher Education in the Time of Trump: Resistance and Critique” came into confluence with my invitation to deliver the 2020 Keynote to the 17th Incoming Cohort of the doctorate program in Educational Leadership for Social Justice, School of Education, Loyola Marymount University. This presentation delivered via ZOOM on June 18, 2020, calls forth a broader confluence of our current political climate under the "leadership” of Donald J. Trump, COVID-19, and national social justice activism linked with the Black Lives Matter Movement. Truly we are living protest and recovery in repressive times with a connectivity between the three. This message is both particular and plural to the audience that it was originally presented, and now to a diverse readership in these repressive times.

LGBTQ-parent families: Diversity, intersectionality, and social context.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, and trans (LGBTQ) parents become parents in a variety of ways, including via reproductive technologies, through foster care and adoption, and in the context of different-gender relationships. This review addresses research developments over the past 5-6 years, revealing that LGBTQ people continue to face barriers in becoming parents, especially those who are trans, of color, and have limited financial means. Bisexual and trans parents are increasingly centered in research, and have unique experiences of parenthood related to navigating (in)visibility and stigma in various contexts. Recent work has documented the impacts of sociopolitical events (e.g., COVID-19, the Trump presidency) on LGBTQ parent families, particularly those with multiply marginalized statuses. Likewise, an increasingly intersectional lens has exposed how axes of privilege and oppression impact LGBTQ parents' sense of belongingness in various contexts and social groups. Finally, recent work has continued to document the powerful role of context and family processes in the lives and adjustment of youth raised by LGBTQ parents. More research is needed on LGBTQ parents with marginalized identities that have been poorly represented in the literature, such as nonbinary parents and parents with disabilities.

Guest editorial

[...]educational institutions quickly declared antiracist action plans: public statements, training workshops, reading lists and reading circles. While we still wait for the coinciding beliefs and actions that Black lives have meaning, the COVID-19 global pandemic continues to ravage the Earth and has taken an (under)estimated 4 million of the Earth's citizens away. Because of global anti-Blackness, a disproportionate amount of Black and Brown people have lost their lives or have been completely engulfed with personal and communal destruction this disease has caused. School buildings were shuttered, and if students did not disappear from the roster all together, they were herded into virtual learning, often revealing how resources that were considered scarce and unaffordable were all of a sudden, plentiful and accessible. Particularly in an anti-Black education system, change often materializes in the s of statements condemning racism and in diversity and inclusion initiatives – more speaker events, more book clubs more workshops. Rarely, if ever, does change from the oppressor requires consistency with the following characteristics: interrogating White supremacy and Whiteness in pedagogical practices and value systems;challenging curricula that harm Black and Brown youth of Color;exposing racial trauma in classrooms;and/or honoring the literacies and full humanity of Black and Brown youth.

Kindness-informed allyship praxis

PurposeThis paper explores intergenerational perceptions of kindness in the context of Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement and the COVID-19 global pandemic. The purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate perceptions of kindness in the context of traumatic events and its potential value in authentic allyship in organizational environments.Design/methodology/approachAuthors interviewed 65 individuals (31 self-identifying as non-racialized and 34 self-identifying as Black, Indigenous and People of Colour aka BIPOC). Participants included Generation Z (Gen Z;born between 1997-2012/5) and Generation Y (Gen Y;also referred to as Millennials, born between 1981 and 1994/6) across North American, Europe and Africa. Millennials currently represent the largest generation in the workplace and are taking on leadership roles, whereas Gen Z are emerging entrants into the workplace and new organizational actors.FindingsThe paper offers insights into how to talk about BLM in organizations, how to engage in authentic vs performative allyship and how to support BIPOC in the workplace. The study also reveals the durability of systemic racism in generations that may be otherwise considered more enlightened and progressive.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors expand on kindness literature and contribute theoretically and methodologically to critical race theory and intertextual analysis in race scholarship.Practical implicationsThe study contributes to the understanding of how pro-social behaviours like kindness (with intention) can contribute to a more inclusive discourse on racism and authentic allyship.Originality/valueAuthors reveal the potential for kindness as a pro-social behaviour in organizational environments to inform authentic allyship praxis.

In conversation with Deirdre Figueiredo MBE, Director of Craftspace

Deirdre Figueiredo MBE is Director of Craftspace, an organisation in Birmingham, United Kingdom, which supports contemporary craft. For over 30 years, Craftspace has been working with communities and artists to challenge and push boundaries in craft, and Deirdre has been at the forefront for most of that time. In this conversation with special issue editor Dr Karen Patel, Deirdre reflects on her career in the craft sector and her own intersectional experience, and discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the Black Lives Matter movement on contemporary craft.

Illness, Metaphor, and Bells Campanology under COVID-19

• Throughout 2020 and 2021, bells have rung in a variety of COVID-related rituals in the West, ranging from large-scale religious and civic rites, to ad hoc neighborhood and hospital initiatives, to anti-racist memorials that simultaneously spoke to the health crisis at hand. Taking stock of how these COVID bell-ringing rituals were formalized, their structures and actions, and the historical precedents from which they drew their meanings, this article investigates what the sounds of bells and the rituals of bell-ringing communicated about COVID, how they shaped our personal and collective experiences of the crisis, and what functions they were expected to serve during this liminal period. It reveals how, owing to the historical polysemy of bells on the one hand and the social uncertainties of living with COVID on the other, those rituals generated vivid symbolisms and mobilized powerful emotions that sometimes brought about unintended consequences. © The Author/s.

Introduction: Why Comics and Archaeology?

The introduction to this volume situates its content in the current postcolonial global environment, both political and societal, macro and micro, academic and popular. It provides brief overviews of each of the subsequent six chapters (three reception studies by archaeologists or anthropologists focusing on the way archaeological information is conveyed in specific bodies of material and three reflections by archaeologist creators of didactic comics) and connects these to a wider nexus which also contains the Covid-19 global pandemic, the Black Lives Matter movement, the destruction of archaeological monuments in Syria or Iraq by Da’esh, social media and the internet, and misinformation. We critically frame the volume’s contributions against this backdrop’s impact on current attitudes towards science and science communication and current debates around inclusivity and allyship: who gets to speak and to be heard? How do we know who can be trusted when they speak? What consequences has our historic lack of care about these issues in the production and consumption of seemingly harmless comics had for the present day lived experience of historically minoritised others, and what should archaeology as a highly visual discipline be doing about it now? © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Editor's Note

In late spring of 2020, when the Board of Managing Editors began contemplating the theme for the 2022 special issue, the world was desperately trying to cope with COVID-19. We felt that the best way for I American Quarterly i to pay tribute to Kaplan's immense contribution to the field was to do a special issue revisiting the core questions of empire addressed by the body of her work. I am deeply grateful to the two guest editors and all the contributors for helping us to honor Kaplan and her work in this way. B [End Page vi] b. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of American Quarterly is the property of Johns Hopkins University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Herd Racialization and the Inequalities of Immunity

At the same time, they each point to the ways that COVID-19 has been unequal not only in its direct costs for people of color in the United States but also in the immunological burdens it places on them to move the infection dynamics from pandemic to endemic. 11 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, "Risk for COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization, and Death by Race/Ethnicity", March 10, 2022, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/covid-data/investigations-discovery/hospitalization-death-by-race-ethnicity.html. The COVID-19 pandemic has been the context for public health institutions, epidemiologists, and a range of social scientists to make a public case for an idea concisely stated by the American Medical Association in November 2020: "Racism is a threat to public health."[1] While activists and medical historians have long noted inequalities of access and outcomes for patients as well as exploitative conditions for research subjects based on race, class, gender, sexuality, nationality, and disability, such a statement by the AMA reflects a shift in public discourse at an organization that has historically worked to entrench such inequalities through its advocacy against universal health care and an elitist approach to medical training.[2] At the moment of this public statement on racism, the intersection of the global pandemic with public activism against police violence created conditions for a reckoning with medical and health institutions' complicity in racially unequal life outcomes, which Ruth Wilson Gilmore centers as racism's production of "group-differentiated vulnerability to premature death.". [Extracted from the article] Copyright of American Quarterly is the property of Johns Hopkins University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Community implications for gun violence prevention during co-occurring pandemics; a qualitative and computational analysis study.

This study provides insight into New York City residents' perceptions about violence after the outbreak of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) based on information from communities in New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) buildings. In this novel analysis, we used focus group and social media data to confirm or reject findings from qualitative interviews. We first used data from 69 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with low-income residents and community stakeholders to further explore how violence impacts New York City's low-income residents of color, as well as the role of city government in providing tangible support for violence prevention during co-occurring health (COVID-19) and social (anti-Black racism) pandemics. Residents described how COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement impacted safety in their communities while offering direct recommendations to improve safety. Residents also shared recommendations that indirectly improve community safety by addressing long term systemic issues. As the recruitment of interviewees was concluding, researchers facilitated two focus groups with 38 interviewees to discuss similar topics. In order to assess the degree to which the themes discovered in our qualitative interviews were shared by the broader community, we developed an integrative community data science study which leveraged natural language processing and computer vision techniques to study text and images on public social media data of 12 million tweets generated by residents. We joined computational methods with qualitative analysis through a social work lens and design justice principles to most accurately and holistically analyze the community perceptions of gun violence issues and potential prevention strategies. Findings indicate valuable community-based insights that elucidate how the co-occurring pandemics impact residents' experiences of gun violence and provide important implications for gun violence prevention in a digital era.

The Militancy of (Black) Memory: Theorizing Black-Led Movements as Disjunctures in the Normativity of White Ignorance

In August 2020, prominent race scholar and thinker on anti-racism Ibram X. Kendi wrote an article in the Atlantic titled, “Is This the Beginning of the End of American Racism?” The subtitle read: “Donald Trump has revealed the depths of the country’s prejudice—and has inadvertently forced a reckoning.” Kendi’s words, though likely meant to be a rhetorical device, are one of many examples of the ways that white people’s discovery of racism, anti-Blackness, and, perhaps, Blackness, in general, is often valorized as an indicator of progress toward the democratic ideals so many believe to belie American society and culture. But what does the centering of white discovery mean for Black memory? What does white ignorance demand of Black people? How are Black Americans transcending dominator logics that often hold captive both memory and history-making power? Through a synthesis of Nietzsche’s conception of memory as a site of identity and community formation and Charles Mills’s theory of “white ignorance,” I argue that the log-ics and practices handed down intergenerationally by white Americans through the imperial project of whiteness induce a process of history- erasing and world remaking. Yet, piercing through this deployment of intentional and facilitated white ignorance, collective memory within Black communities, and specifically through Black-led social movements, is a form of militancy and resistance that disrupts the insinuated social order established by mainstream, white supremacist normativity. Of particular importance is the fact that this militancy, an insurgent force that has reverberated across the globe, opens up new avenues for Black world-building, futurity, and political imagination deemed impossible under current carceral conditions, irreconcilable with present-day politics, and incompatible with white-centered notions of justice, liberty, and democratic freedom. Critically, in this moment, as Black Americans are disproportionately harmed by the effects of COVID-19, hypersurveilled in neighborhoods plagued by neoliberal disinvestment, and over-policed en masse, mass movements like Black Lives Matter have disrupted, interrupted, and reoriented the social landscape toward a disconnection in the white supremacist archival practices that have long defined Western postcolonial culture. Now, young Black Americans, in particular, challenge notions of time, lineage, and world-making by rebuking the erasure of Black memory and Black futurity. In fact, it is through this collective memory, in the form of social organizing, community education projects, and other intraracial resistance efforts, that the anti-Black, white supremacist frameworks of ignorance may be dismantled wholesale. As the country continues to grapple with the killings of Black Americans like Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd, those most affected by these tragedies have built pathways to open up new spaces for collective memory and mourning. Young Black Americans are engaging in protest and public rage not for the white gaze, but for themselves. As such, this political moment offers us a different vision, one in which those most excluded from history are the history-makers. This global effort toward mass memory-making presents both a theoretical and chronological disjuncture that bends us further toward a future where all Black people are free.